Exploring Gettysburg National Military Park

History and Background

The Battle of Gettysburg

Gettysburg National Military Park is most famous for its role in the American Civil War. In July 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg took place, which was one of the bloodiest battles in the war. Over the course of three days, Union and Confederate forces clashed in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. By the end of the battle, there were over 50,000 casualties, making it one of the deadliest battles in U.S. history.

The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the Civil War. Prior to the battle, the Confederate Army had been winning many of the major battles. However, the Union Army was able to hold their ground at Gettysburg, and ultimately emerged victorious. The battle marked the beginning of the end for the Confederacy, and is considered one of the most significant events in American history.

The Creation of Gettysburg National Park

After the Civil War, the town of Gettysburg became a pilgrimage site for people to remember and honor those who had fought and died in the battle. Many of the battlefield’s key locations were purchased and preserved by private individuals and organizations, but there was still a danger that development could destroy the historic site.

To prevent this, the federal government established Gettysburg National Military Park in 1895. The park was one of the first national parks dedicated to preserving a historic site, rather than a natural one. Over the years, the park has been expanded and improved, and in 1972 it was redesignated as Gettysburg National Park.

Today, the park is not only a historic site, but also an important cultural and educational resource. The park’s mission is to preserve and protect the battlefield and the history it represents, while also providing opportunities for visitors to learn and engage with the past.

The Significance of Gettysburg National Park

Gettysburg National Military Park is a place of immense historical significance, both for the United States and for the world. The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the Civil War, and it had a profound impact on the course of American history. The battle also had global implications, as it marked the beginning of the end for slavery and paved the way for civil rights and equality.

Beyond its historical importance, Gettysburg National Park is also a place of natural beauty and diversity. The park is home to a variety of plant and animal species, and its rolling hills and picturesque landscapes are a sight to behold.

Things to Do and See

Historic Sites and Monuments

Gettysburg National Park is home to a wealth of historic sites and monuments that commemorate the Battle of Gettysburg and the Civil War. Some of the must-see locations include:

• The Gettysburg Battlefield – The centerpiece of the park, the battlefield is where the Union and Confederate forces clashed over the course of three days in July 1863. Visitors can take a guided tour or explore on their own using the park’s auto tour route.
• Little Round Top – This hill was a key location during the battle, and is now home to a monument honoring the soldiers who fought and died there.
• The Eternal Light Peace Memorial – This 47-foot tall monument commemorates the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg and serves as a reminder of the importance of peace.
• The Gettysburg National Cemetery – Established in 1863, the cemetery is the final resting place for over 3,500 Union soldiers killed in the battle. The cemetery also includes the famous Soldiers’ National Monument.

Educational Programs and Exhibits

Gettysburg National Park offers a variety of educational programs and exhibits that provide insight into the history of the Battle of Gettysburg and the Civil War. Some of the highlights include:

• The Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center – This state-of-the-art museum features interactive exhibits, artifacts, and multimedia presentations that help visitors understand the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg and its impact on American history.
• Ranger-led Programs – Park rangers offer a variety of guided tours and talks that provide in-depth information about the battle, the soldiers who fought in it, and the strategies employed by both sides.
• Living History Programs – Throughout the year, the park hosts living history events that allow visitors to experience what life was like for soldiers and civilians during the Civil War.

Outdoor Recreation

In addition to its historic and educational offerings, Gettysburg National Park also provides a variety of outdoor recreation opportunities. Some of the activities visitors can enjoy include:

• Hiking and Biking – The park features over 40 miles of hiking and biking trails that wind through the battlefield and the surrounding countryside.
• Picnicking – There are several picnic areas throughout the park where visitors can enjoy a meal and take in the beautiful scenery.
• Wildlife Watching – The park is home to a variety of wildlife, including deer, foxes, and a variety of bird species. Visitors can enjoy watching wildlife from a safe distance.

Wildlife and Natural Environment

Wildlife

Gettysburg National Park is home to a diverse array of wildlife, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts. Some of the wildlife you might see during your visit include:

• White-tailed Deer – These graceful creatures are a common sight throughout the park. They can often be seen grazing in fields and meadows.
• Red Foxes – With their distinctive red fur, foxes are another species that can be spotted in the park. They are often seen at dawn and dusk, when they are most active.
• Birds – The park is a popular destination for birdwatchers, as it is home to a variety of species, including bald eagles, hawks, and owls. During the spring and fall, migratory birds can be seen passing through the area.

Natural Environment

In addition to its wildlife, Gettysburg National Park also boasts a beautiful natural environment. Here are some of the highlights:

• Fields and Meadows – The park’s open fields and meadows are a beautiful sight, especially during the spring and summer when wildflowers are in bloom.
• Woodlands – The park’s woodlands are home to a variety of tree species, including oaks, maples, and hickories. Visitors can enjoy a leisurely stroll through the woods, or take a hike on one of the park’s many trails.
• Streams and Wetlands – The park’s streams and wetlands are home to a variety of aquatic species, including fish, frogs, and turtles. They are also an important habitat for a variety of bird species.

Conservation Efforts

The National Park Service is committed to preserving the natural environment of Gettysburg National Park for future generations. Some of the conservation efforts underway in the park include:

• Invasive Species Management – The park is working to control and eradicate invasive species that can harm the park’s native plants and animals.
• Habitat Restoration – The park is engaged in a variety of habitat restoration projects, including reforestation and wetland restoration.
• Pollution Prevention – The park is working to prevent pollution by promoting sustainable practices, such as reducing waste and conserving energy.

Practical Information for Visitors

Hours and Admission Fees

The park is open daily from sunrise to sunset, year-round. Admission to the park is free, although there is a fee for some of the park’s attractions, such as the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center.

Getting There

Gettysburg National Park is located in south-central Pennsylvania, approximately 90 miles from both Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. There are several ways to get to the park:

• By Car – The park is easily accessible by car, and there are several major highways that provide access to the area.
• By Bus – There are several tour companies that offer bus tours of the park.
• By Train – Amtrak trains stop in nearby Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and shuttle buses are available to transport visitors to the park.

What to Bring

Here are some items you may want to bring with you when visiting Gettysburg National Park:

• Comfortable Shoes – The park has many walking trails, so comfortable shoes are a must.
• Sunscreen and Insect Repellent – The park’s open fields and meadows can be hot and sunny, so be sure to bring sunscreen and insect repellent.
• Water and Snacks – There are several picnic areas in the park, so bringing water and snacks is a good idea.
• Camera – The park’s beautiful scenery and historic landmarks provide many opportunities for photography.

Accessibility

Gettysburg National Park strives to be accessible to all visitors. Here are some of the ways the park is accommodating:

• Accessible Parking – The park has designated accessible parking spaces throughout the park.
• Accessible Trails – The park has several accessible trails, including the ADA-compliant Taneytown Road trail.
• Accessible Restrooms – The park has several accessible restrooms located throughout the park.

Weather

The weather in Gettysburg can vary greatly depending on the season. Here are some tips for visiting the park during different times of the year:

• Spring and Summer – The park can be hot and humid during the spring and summer months, so be sure to wear lightweight, breathable clothing and bring plenty of water.
• Fall – The fall is a popular time to visit the park due to the beautiful fall foliage. Be sure to bring warm clothing, as temperatures can be chilly.
• Winter – The park can be cold and snowy during the winter months, so be sure to dress warmly and bring appropriate footwear.